Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Hypertension: Relation
with Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index and Metabolic Syndrome |
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Hypertension: Relation with Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index and Metabolic Syndrome |
In Cheol Kim; Hyungseop Kim; Jong Yop Pae; Jae Pil Lee; Sang Woong Choi; Jeung Eun Lee; Yun Kyeong Cho; Hyoung Seob Park; Hyuck Jun Yoon; Chang Wook Nam; Seung Ho Hur; Yoon Nyun Kim; Kwon Bae Kim |
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Abstract |
The metabolic syndrome (MS) considerably increases the cardiovascular events in hypertensive
patients. This study was designed to characterize the results of 24 hour ambulatory blood
pressure monitoring (ABPM) in hypertensive patients and to identify the specific patterns of
ABPM results including dipping pattern and ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) in the
manifestation of MS with hypertension. One hundred four primary hypertension patients who
underwent ABPM were enrolled. Fifty patients were the presence of MS according to National
Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection; Evaluation and Treatment of High
Blood Cholesterol in Adults-Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP) III criteria and fifty four
patients were the absence of MS. AASI was defined as one minus regression slope of diastolic
over systolic blood pressure readings from ABPM. Average blood pressure dipping rate was also
obtained from ABPM and described in numeric value by calculating reduction rate (%) in daynight
average blood pressure. In the presence of MS compared with the absence of MS; patients
were older (49.2 ± 7.7 vs. 44.6 ± 11.2; p=0.016); showed higher AASI (0.400 ± 0.196 vs.
0.329 ± 0.146; p=0.038) and lower average blood pressure dipping rate (9.2 ± 6.6 % vs. 11.7
± 5.8 %; p=0.043). AASI was negatively correlated with numeric values of dipping rate in daynight
average blood pressure (r= -0.3; p=0.015). On logistic regression analysis; age (p=0.015)
and AASI (p=0.036) were independently associated with MS in hypertensive patients. We
conclude that MS in hypertension may contribute to the low dipping rate and has a robust
relationship with vascular stiffness such as AASI. |
Key Words:
Arterial stiffness, Hypertension, Metabolic syndrome,
Non-dipping pattern |